hardware and software that are collectively capable of performing the entire dynamic driving task on a sustained basis regardless of whether the task is limited to a specific operational design domain. This term is used specifically to describe a Level 34 or 5 driving automation system (as defined by SAE J3016) (5). ADS is defined in Title 7 §545.451 of the Texas Transportation Code as “hardware and software that, when installed on a motor vehicle and engaged, are collectively capable of performing, without any intervention or supervision by a human operator: (a) all aspects of the entire dynamic driving task for the vehicle on a sustained basis; and (b) any fallback maneuvers necessary to respond to a failure of the system” (8).
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